Модераторы: Olej, bellic, adminn, vikos
Мне FreeBSD нужна для некоторых экспериментов, и/но:
а). минимальные инсталляции: nano, vim - хотя бы конфиги редактировать, gdisk, gpart - диск посмотреть...
Как включить SSH на FreeBSD
Сеть на VM есть резон (об том будем дальше разбираться) переключить сразу для UNIX-like OS из режима (Тип подключения) NAT в режим bridge:
Код: Выделить всё
olej@R420:~$ ssh root@192.168.1.240
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.240 (192.168.1.240)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:2gcHQp4UtcoR0XdRkHUnCsT1Whh55AOINlTUCc9ONe0.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.240' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
(root@192.168.1.240) Password for root@freebsd:
Last login: Wed Nov 22 11:32:28 2023
FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE (GENERIC) #0 releng/14.0-n265380-f9716eee8ab4: Fri Nov 10 05:57:23 UTC 2023
Welcome to FreeBSD!
Release Notes, Errata: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/
Security Advisories: https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/
FreeBSD Handbook: https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/
FreeBSD FAQ: https://www.FreeBSD.org/faq/
Questions List: https://www.FreeBSD.org/lists/questions/
FreeBSD Forums: https://forums.FreeBSD.org/
Documents installed with the system are in the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/
directory, or can be installed later with: pkg install en-freebsd-doc
For other languages, replace "en" with a language code like de or fr.
Show the version of FreeBSD installed: freebsd-version ; uname -a
Please include that output and any error messages when posting questions.
Introduction to manual pages: man man
FreeBSD directory layout: man hier
To change this login announcement, see motd(5).
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # uname -a
FreeBSD freebsd 14.0-RELEASE FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE #0 releng/14.0-n265380-f9716eee8ab4: Fri Nov 10 05:57:23 UTC 2023 root@releng1.nyi.freebsd.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/amd64.amd64/sys/GENERIC amd64
Теперь - сколько угодно терминалов, с простотой работы, протоколирования...
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # grep -v ^# /etc/rc.conf
hostname="freebsd"
ifconfig_DEFAULT="DHCP inet6 accept_rtadv"
growfs_enable="YES"
hostname="freebsd"
zfs_enable="YES"
zpool_reguid="zroot"
zpool_upgrade="zroot"
ifconfig_DEFAULT="DHCP inet6 accept_rtadv"
growfs_enable="YES"
sshd_enable="YES"
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # grep -v ^# /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep -v ^$
PermitRootLogin yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/sftp-server
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # gdisk /dev/ada0
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.9
NOTE: Write test failed with error number 1. It will be impossible to save
changes to this disk's partition table!
You may be able to enable writes by exiting this program, typing
'sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16' at a shell prompt, and re-running this
program.
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/ada0: 52338720 sectors, 25.0 GiB
Sector size (logical): 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 67D1C145-7FB2-11EE-A7BA-002590EC5BF2
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 52338679
Partitions will be aligned on 2-sector boundaries
Total free space is 0 sectors (0 bytes)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 34 379 173.0 KiB A501 bootfs
2 380 66963 32.5 MiB EF00 efiesp
3 66964 2164115 1024.0 MiB A502 swapfs
4 2164116 52338679 23.9 GiB A504 rootfs
Command (? for help): q
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # gpart show ada0
=> 34 52338646 ada0 GPT (25G)
34 346 1 freebsd-boot (173K)
380 66584 2 efi (33M)
66964 2097152 3 freebsd-swap (1.0G)
2164116 50174564 4 freebsd-zfs (24G)
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
zroot/ROOT/default 23862356 3928908 19933448 16% /
devfs 1 0 1 0% /dev
/dev/gpt/efiesp 32764 646 32118 2% /boot/efi
zroot/var/mail 19933868 420 19933448 0% /var/mail
zroot/tmp 19933868 420 19933448 0% /tmp
zroot/var/log 19933932 484 19933448 0% /var/log
zroot/var/tmp 19933872 424 19933448 0% /var/tmp
zroot/home 19933868 420 19933448 0% /home
zroot/usr/ports 19933868 420 19933448 0% /usr/ports
zroot/var/audit 19933876 428 19933448 0% /var/audit
zroot/usr/src 19933868 420 19933448 0% /usr/src
zroot/usr/obj 19933868 420 19933448 0% /usr/obj
И этап сделать снапшот:
Код: Выделить всё
olej@R420:~/sdc3/VirtualBoxVMs/FreeBSD$ du -hs Snapshots
1,2G Snapshots
Код: Выделить всё
olej@R420:~/sdc3/VirtualBoxVMs/FreeBSD$ ls -l Snapshots
итого 1233452
-rw------- 1 olej olej 97662193 ноя 22 12:13 2023-11-22T10-13-06-547820000Z.sav
-rw------- 1 olej olej 331149702 ноя 22 12:36 2023-11-22T10-35-59-209008000Z.sav
-rw------- 1 olej olej 332716053 ноя 22 13:12 2023-11-22T11-12-24-629130000Z.sav
-rw------- 1 olej olej 50399232 ноя 22 13:12 {21bc7a93-e1ae-4fe0-8be2-f5c2925df4f9}.vhd
-rw------- 1 olej olej 25227264 ноя 22 13:14 {36e0f826-1f42-4382-8e08-e5ef7ee67f96}.vhd
-rw------- 1 olej olej 425881088 ноя 22 12:35 {916ea9fa-af4b-4206-8cf9-8a0254a85109}.vhd
Это всё уже в терминалах SSH и всё гораздо проще...
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # adduser
Username: olej
Full name: olej
Uid (Leave empty for default):
Login group [olej]:
Login group is olej. Invite olej into other groups? []: wheel
Login class [default]:
Shell (sh csh tcsh nologin) [sh]:
Home directory [/home/olej]:
Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default):
Use password-based authentication? [yes]:
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]:
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]:
Enter password:
Enter password again:
Lock out the account after creation? [no]:
Username : olej
Password : *****
Full Name : olej
Uid : 1001
Class :
Groups : olej wheel
Home : /home/olej
Home Mode :
Shell : /bin/sh
Locked : no
OK? (yes/no) [yes]:
adduser: INFO: Successfully added (olej) to the user database.
Add another user? (yes/no) [no]:
Goodbye!
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # grep wheel /etc/group
wheel:*:0:root,olej
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # which sudo
root@freebsd:~ #
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # pkg install sudo
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 1 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
sudo: 1.9.15p2
Number of packages to be installed: 1
The process will require 8 MiB more space.
2 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y
[1/1] Fetching sudo-1.9.15p2.pkg: 100% 2 MiB 914.4kB/s 00:02
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting)
[1/1] Installing sudo-1.9.15p2...
[1/1] Extracting sudo-1.9.15p2: 100%
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # which sudo
/usr/local/bin/sudo
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # ls -l /usr/local/etc/sudoers
-r--r----- 1 root wheel 4749 Nov 12 12:27 /usr/local/etc/sudoers
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # grep -v ^# /usr/local/etc/sudoers | grep -v ^$
root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
@includedir /usr/local/etc/sudoers.d
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # chmod u+w /usr/local/etc/sudoers
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # ls -l /usr/local/etc/sudoers
-rw-r----- 1 root wheel 4749 Nov 12 12:27 /usr/local/etc/sudoers
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # nano /usr/local/etc/sudoers
...
Код: Выделить всё
root@freebsd:~ # grep -v ^# /usr/local/etc/sudoers | grep -v ^$
root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
@includedir /usr/local/etc/sudoers.d
Новая SSH-сессия от имени нового созданного пользователя:
Код: Выделить всё
olej@R420:~$ ssh olej@192.168.1.240
(olej@192.168.1.240) Password for olej@freebsd:
FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE (GENERIC) #0 releng/14.0-n265380-f9716eee8ab4: Fri Nov 10 05:57:23 UTC 2023
Welcome to FreeBSD!
Release Notes, Errata: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/
Security Advisories: https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/
FreeBSD Handbook: https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/
FreeBSD FAQ: https://www.FreeBSD.org/faq/
Questions List: https://www.FreeBSD.org/lists/questions/
FreeBSD Forums: https://forums.FreeBSD.org/
Documents installed with the system are in the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/
directory, or can be installed later with: pkg install en-freebsd-doc
For other languages, replace "en" with a language code like de or fr.
Show the version of FreeBSD installed: freebsd-version ; uname -a
Please include that output and any error messages when posting questions.
Introduction to manual pages: man man
FreeBSD directory layout: man hier
To change this login announcement, see motd(5).
Forget what directory you are in? Type "pwd".
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
Код: Выделить всё
olej@freebsd:~ $ whoami
olej
Код: Выделить всё
olej@freebsd:~ $ su -l root
Password:
root@freebsd:~ # whoami
root
root@freebsd:~ # exit
olej@freebsd:~ $ whoami
olej
Код: Выделить всё
olej@freebsd:~ $ sudo pwd
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
#1) Respect the privacy of others.
#2) Think before you type.
#3) With great power comes great responsibility.
For security reasons, the password you type will not be visible.
Password:
/home/olej
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