Olej писал(а):Поэтому, службы под контролем systemd нужно управлять.
Снова и снова... -
DNS сервер
Поэтому, краткий конспект для себя:
1. сервисы, известные
systemd (инсталлированные в системе) и ним управляемые:
Код: Выделить всё
bash-4.2$ ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-ccpp.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-secure-server.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrtd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-secure.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-oops.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-vmcore.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/accounts-daemon.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nmb.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/alsa-restore.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/openvpn@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/alsa-store.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-halt.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/anaconda@.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-kexec.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/anaconda-shell@.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-poweroff.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/apg@.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-quit.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/arp-ethers.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-quit-wait.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/atd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-read-write.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/auditd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-reboot.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/autovt@.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-start.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/avahi-daemon.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/poweroff.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/pppoe-server.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/canberra-system-bootup.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/prefdm.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/canberra-system-shutdown-reboot.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/proftpd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/canberra-system-shutdown.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/psacct.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/qemu-guest-agent.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/chrony-wait.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/quotacheck.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/colord-sane.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/quotaon.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/colord.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/console-getty.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rdisc.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/console-shell.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/reboot.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/cpupower.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rescue.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/restorecond.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/cups.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rngd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/cvs@.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcgssd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.locale1.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcidmapd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.login1.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcsvcgssd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.timedate1.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rtkit-daemon.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/display-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/saslauthd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dm-event.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnssec-triggerd-keygen.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/single.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnssec-triggerd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dracut-shutdown.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/sm-client.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/emergency.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fcoe.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/sssd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fedora-autorelabel-mark.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/suspend.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fedora-autorelabel.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/svnserve.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fedora-configure.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-ask-password-console.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fedora-import-state.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fedora-loadmodules.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-ask-password-wall.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fedora-readonly.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fedora-storage-init-late.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-debug-shell.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fedora-storage-init.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-hostnamed.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fedora-wait-storage.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-initctl.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/firstboot-graphical.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fsck-root.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-localed.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fsck@.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-logind.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/getty@.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-modules-load.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/gpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-random-seed-load.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/halt-local.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-random-seed-save.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/halt.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-readahead-collect.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/hibernate.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-readahead-done.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/instperf.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-readahead-replay.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/ip6tables.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-remount-fs.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-shutdownd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/irda.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-sysctl.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/irqbalance.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-timedated.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/jetty.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/kexec.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/ksm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/ksmtuned.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-update-utmp-shutdown.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/lldpad.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-user-sessions.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/lvm2-monitor.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-vconsole-setup.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/mcelog.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/system-setup-keyboard.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/mdmonitor.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/udev-configure-printer.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/mdmonitor-takeover.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/udev.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/messagebus.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/udev-settle.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/multipathd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/udev-trigger.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/udisks2.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/unbound-keygen.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-wait-online.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/unbound.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-blkmap.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/upower.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-idmap.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/user@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-lock.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/wpa_supplicant.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfslock.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/xinetd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-mountd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/yum-updatesd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-rquotad.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/zvbid.service
2. для того, чтобы глянуть состояние любого из этих сервисов, например /usr/lib/
systemd/system/dnsmasq.service (так выглядят сервис активный и остановленный):
Код: Выделить всё
bash-4.2$ service dnsmasq status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status dnsmasq.service
dnsmasq.service - DNS caching server.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service; enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat, 22 Sep 2012 09:36:13 +0300; 1h 7min ago
Main PID: 821 (dnsmasq)
CGroup: name=systemd:/system/dnsmasq.service
└ 821 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -s notebook
Код: Выделить всё
bash-4.2$ service dnsmasq status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status dnsmasq.service
dnsmasq.service - DNS caching server.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service; enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Sat, 22 Sep 2012 10:44:36 +0300; 6s ago
Process: 9029 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dnsmasq -s $HOSTNAME (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 9031 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: name=systemd:/system/dnsmasq.service
3. для управления (запуск-останов сервисом):
Код: Выделить всё
bash-4.2$ sudo service dnsmasq stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop dnsmasq.service
bash-4.2$ sudo service dnsmasq start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start dnsmasq.service
bash-4.2$ sudo service dnsmasq restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dnsmasq.service
4. другая (прямая) форма тех же действий по управлению:
Код: Выделить всё
bash-4.2$ sudo systemctl stop dnsmasq.service
bash-4.2$ sudo systemctl status dnsmasq.service
dnsmasq.service - DNS caching server.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service; enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Sat, 22 Sep 2012 10:49:43 +0300; 11s ago
Process: 9075 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dnsmasq -s $HOSTNAME (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 9077 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: name=systemd:/system/dnsmasq.service
Sep 22 10:45:02 notebook dnsmasq[9077]: started, version 2.63rc6 cachesize 150
Sep 22 10:45:02 notebook dnsmasq[9077]: compile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt DBus no-i18n no-IDN DHCP DHCPv6 no-Lua TFTP ...nntrack
Sep 22 10:45:02 notebook dnsmasq-dhcp[9077]: DHCP, IP range 192.168.1.120 -- 192.168.1.159, lease time 12h
Sep 22 10:45:02 notebook dnsmasq[9077]: using nameserver 4.2.2.6#53
Sep 22 10:45:02 notebook dnsmasq[9077]: using nameserver 8.8.4.4#53
Sep 22 10:45:02 notebook dnsmasq[9077]: using nameserver 192.168.1.1#53
Sep 22 10:45:02 notebook dnsmasq[9077]: cleared cache
Код: Выделить всё
bash-4.2$ sudo systemctl start dnsmasq.service
bash-4.2$ sudo systemctl status dnsmasq.service
dnsmasq.service - DNS caching server.
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service; enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat, 22 Sep 2012 10:50:17 +0300; 5s ago
Process: 9127 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dnsmasq -s $HOSTNAME (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 9129 (dnsmasq)
CGroup: name=systemd:/system/dnsmasq.service
└ 9129 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -s notebook
Sep 22 10:50:17 notebook dnsmasq[9129]: started, version 2.63rc6 cachesize 150
Sep 22 10:50:17 notebook dnsmasq[9129]: compile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt DBus no-i18n no-IDN DHCP DHCPv6 no-Lua TFTP ...nntrack
Sep 22 10:50:17 notebook dnsmasq-dhcp[9129]: DHCP, IP range 192.168.1.120 -- 192.168.1.159, lease time 12h
Sep 22 10:50:17 notebook dnsmasq[9129]: using nameserver 4.2.2.6#53
Sep 22 10:50:17 notebook dnsmasq[9129]: using nameserver 8.8.4.4#53
Sep 22 10:50:17 notebook dnsmasq[9129]: using nameserver 192.168.1.1#53
Sep 22 10:50:17 notebook dnsmasq[9129]: cleared cache
Код: Выделить всё
bash-4.2$ sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq.service
5. Это (п.4) были команды ручного управление сервисами.
Для того, чтобы обеспечить или запретить старт сервиса
при загрузке системы (сделать его постоянным):
Код: Выделить всё
bash-4.2$ sudo service dnsmasq enable
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl enable dnsmasq.service
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dnsmasq.service'
Код: Выделить всё
bash-4.2$ sudo service dnsmasq disable
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl disable dnsmasq.service
rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dnsmasq.service'
Как видите, это простая файловая ссылка, которую можно сделать и руками.